---
title: There had been many hindrances to the progress of Hiiaka and she had… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There had been many hindrances to the progress of Hiiaka and she had been slow. Who acts: Hiiaka. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 69

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There had been many hindrances to the progress of Hiiaka and she had been slow.

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**Who acts:** Hiiaka · **What happens:** have, be, progress · **To what, where:** many hindrances

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:15:69
# text = There had been many hindrances to the progress of Hiiaka and she had been slow.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hindrances	hindrance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
15	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  |  |  | there |  | to the progress of Hiiaka | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | participle |  | many hindrances |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past · perfect | Hiiaka |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **progress** |  | Hiiaka |  |  |  |  |  | nom progress «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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