---
title: Kupuas were gnomes or elves of supernatural power, able to appear in… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Kupuas were gnomes or elves of supernatural power, able to appear in some nature-form as well as like a human being. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 18

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Kupuas were gnomes or elves of supernatural power, able to appear in some nature-form as well as like a human being.

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**What happens:** be, appear · **To what, where:** Kupuas gnomes, nature form

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:16:18
# text = Kupuas were gnomes or elves of supernatural power, able to appear in some nature-form as well as like a human being.
1	Kupuas	Kupuas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	gnomes	gnome	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	elves	elf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	supernatural	supernatural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
15	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	23	cc	_	_
19	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	fixed	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
21	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
24	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Kupuas gnomes or elves of supernatural power |  |  |  | elves of supernatural power *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | some nature form |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in form=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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