---
title: Hiiaka’s first test of patient endurance came in a battle with the k… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Hiiaka’s first test of patient endurance came in a battle with the kupuas of a forest lying between the volcano and the ocean. Who acts: first test, forest, Hiiaka. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 22

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Hiiaka’s first test of patient endurance came in a battle with the kupuas of a forest lying between the volcano and the ocean.

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**Who acts:** first test, forest, Hiiaka · **What happens:** come, lie, test · **To what, where:** battle, volcano, patient endurance

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first test, forest, Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:16:22
# text = Hiiaka’s first test of patient endurance came in a battle with the kupuas of a forest lying between the volcano and the ocean.
1	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’s	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	patient	patient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kupuas	kupua	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	between	between	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Hiiaka's first test of patient endurance |  |  | a battle with the kupuas of a forest |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in battle=Location |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | a forest *not said here* |  |  | the volcano and the ocean |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between volcano=Location |
| 3 | **test** |  | Hiiaka | patient endurance |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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