---
title: Those who knew about Pana-ewa brought offerings of awa [15] to drink… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Those who knew about Pana-ewa brought offerings of awa [15] to drink, taro and red fish to eat, tapa for mats, and malos, or girdles. Who acts: Those. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 32

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Those who knew about Pana-ewa brought offerings of awa \[15\] to drink, taro and red fish to eat, tapa for mats, and malos, or girdles.

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**Who acts:** Those · **What happens:** know, bring, drink, eat, offer · **To what, where:** offerings, taro, awa

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:16:32
# text = Those who knew about Pana-ewa brought offerings of awa [15] to drink, taro and red fish to eat, tapa for mats, and malos, or girdles.
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Pana	Pana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ewa	ewa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	awa	awa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	taro	taro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	tapa	tapa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	mats	mat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	malos	malo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	girdles	girdle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past |  |  |  |  |  | about Pana and ewa; who *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about pana=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bring** | past | Those | offerings of awa |  |  |  | 15 *obl*; malos or girdles *parataxis* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 3 | **drink** | to-infinitive | Those *not said here* | taro and red fish and tapa for mats |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taro=Patient |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | Those *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **offer** |  |  | awa |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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