---
title: There were two bird-brothers of Pana-ewa; very little birds, swift a… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There were two bird-brothers of Pana-ewa; very little birds, swift as a flash of lightning, giving notice of any one coming through the forest of Pana-ewa. Who acts: two bird brothers, one, lightning. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 34

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There were two bird-brothers of Pana-ewa; very little birds, swift as a flash of lightning, giving notice of any one coming through the forest of Pana-ewa.

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**Who acts:** two bird brothers, one, lightning · **What happens:** be, give, come, flash, notice · **To what, where:** little birds, notice, forest, one

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two bird brothers, one, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:16:34
# text = There were two bird-brothers of Pana-ewa; very little birds, swift as a flash of lightning, giving notice of any one coming through the forest of Pana-ewa.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Pana	Pana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ewa	ewa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	swift	swift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
24	notice	notice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	through	through	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	Pana	Pana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	ewa	ewa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | two bird brothers of Pana ewa | little birds and swift as a flash of lightning |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | two bird brothers of Pana ewa *not said here* | notice of any one |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notice=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | gerund | any one *not said here* |  |  | the forest of Pana ewa |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through forest=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **flash** |  | lightning |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 5 | **notice** |  |  | any one |  |  |  |  | nom notice «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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