---
title: Before her lay a great circular plain, black-walled, full of burning… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Before her lay a great circular plain, black-walled, full of burning lava leaping up in wonderful fire-dances and boiling violently around a group of beautiful women. Who acts: Ka, lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao, with
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao, sentence 45

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Before her lay a great circular plain, black-walled, full of burning lava leaping up in wonderful fire-dances and boiling violently around a group of beautiful women.

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**Who acts:** Ka, lava · **What happens:** lie, wall, burn, leap up, boil · **To what, where:** great circular plain, lava, wonderful fire dances, group

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:17:45
# text = Before her lay a great circular plain, black-walled, full of burning lava leaping up in wonderful fire-dances and boiling violently around a group of beautiful women.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	circular	circular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	walled	wall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
14	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	advcl	_	_
16	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	dances	dance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	_
26	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	around	around	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | Ka | a great circular plain |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plain=Theme |
| 2 | **wall** | participle |  | a great circular plain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **burn** | gerund | Ka *not said here* | lava |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lava=Theme |
| 4 | **leap up** | gerund | lava *not said here* |  |  | wonderful fire dances |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dance=Trajectory |
| 5 | **boil** | gerund | lava *not said here* |  |  | a group of beautiful women |  | violently *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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