---
title: It was badly torn by the rough coral and the face had been bitten by… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: It was badly torn by the rough coral and the face had been bitten by eels. Who acts: rough coral, eels. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 40

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It was badly torn by the rough coral and the face had been bitten by eels.

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**Who acts:** rough coral, eels · **What happens:** tear, bite · **To what, where:** heana, face

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rough coral, eels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:18:40
# text = It was badly torn by the rough coral and the face had been bitten by eels.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	bitten	bite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	eels	eel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** | past · passive | the rough coral | heana |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location subject=Theme |
| 2 | **bite** | past · perfect · passive | eels | the face |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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