---
title: The ghost leaped up to the mouth and eyes—choking noises were made—t… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The ghost leaped up to the mouth and eyes—choking noises were made—the eyes opened faintly and closed again, but the ghost was entirely in the body. Who acts: eyes, ghost. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, with its dependency tree
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 85

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The ghost leaped up to the mouth and eyes—choking noises were made—the eyes opened faintly and closed again, but the ghost was entirely in the body.

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**Who acts:** eyes, ghost · **What happens:** leap up, choke, make, open, close, be · **To what, where:** ghost, mouth, body

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:18:85
# text = The ghost leaped up to the mouth and eyes—choking noises were made—the eyes opened faintly and closed again, but the ghost was entirely in the body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	choking	choke	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	noises	noise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
19	faintly	faintly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
22	again	again	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
28	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap up** | participle |  | the ghost *not said here* |  | the mouth and eyes |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to mouth=Destination |
| 2 | **choke** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | past · passive |  | the ghost |  |  |  | choking noises *nsubj:pass* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **open** | past | the eyes |  |  |  |  | faintly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **close** | participle | the eyes *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | past | the ghost |  |  | the body |  | entirely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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