---
title: The girls made ready to leap and swim, when suddenly Makaukiu appear… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The girls made ready to leap and swim, when suddenly Makaukiu appeared just below the surface, catching and shaking the leaves. Who acts: girls, Makaukiu. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 25

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The girls made ready to leap and swim, when suddenly Makaukiu appeared just below the surface, catching and shaking the leaves.

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**Who acts:** girls, Makaukiu · **What happens:** make, leap, swim, appear, catch, shake · **To what, where:** surface, leaves

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girls, Makaukiu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:19:25
# text = The girls made ready to leap and swim, when suddenly Makaukiu appeared just below the surface, catching and shaking the leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	Makaukiu	Makaukiu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	below	below	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the girls |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leap** | to-infinitive | the girls *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **swim** | infinitive | the girls *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **appear** | past | Makaukiu |  |  | the surface |  | suddenly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme below surface=Location |
| 5 | **catch** | gerund | Makaukiu *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **shake** | gerund | Makaukiu *not said here* | the leaves |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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