---
title: Frequently they were sharks which had a shark mouth although appeari… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Frequently they were sharks which had a shark mouth although appearing like men. Who acts: monsters, sharks. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 5

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Frequently they were sharks which had a shark mouth although appearing like men.

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**Who acts:** monsters, sharks · **What happens:** be, have, appear · **To what, where:** sharks, shark mouth

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monsters, sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:19:5
# text = Frequently they were sharks which had a shark mouth although appearing like men.
1	Frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	appearing	appear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | monsters *= monster* | sharks |  |  |  | frequently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | sharks | a shark mouth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient |
| 3 | **appear** | gerund | sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like men | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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