---
title: This lava rapidly falls to pieces under the influence of sunlight an… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: This lava rapidly falls to pieces under the influence of sunlight and rain, thus permitting plants, such as giant ferns, small shrubs and grasses, to take root. Who acts: lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands, with its dependency tr
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 25

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This lava rapidly falls to pieces under the influence of sunlight and rain, thus permitting plants, such as giant ferns, small shrubs and grasses, to take root.

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**Who acts:** lava · **What happens:** fall, permit, take · **To what, where:** influence, plants, root

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:2:25
# text = This lava rapidly falls to pieces under the influence of sunlight and rain, thus permitting plants, such as giant ferns, small shrubs and grasses, to take root.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
17	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	ferns	fern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	shrubs	shrub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
31	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | this lava |  |  | the influence of sunlight and rain |  | to pieces; rapidly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under influence=Location |
| 2 | **permit** | gerund | this lava *not said here* | plants and giant ferns and small shrubs and grasses |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | this lava *not said here* | root |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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