---
title: The fire-rock, breaking through the floor of the ocean to form the H… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The fire-rock, breaking through the floor of the ocean to form the Hawaiian chain of islands, lost its power first in the far northwest and cooled and hardened from island to island until it is now making its last appearance on the largest and most southeasterly of all the group, the island known by
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 28

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The fire-rock, breaking through the floor of the ocean to form the Hawaiian chain of islands, lost its power first in the far northwest and cooled and hardened from island to island until it is now making its last appearance on the largest and most southeasterly of all the group, the island known by the name Hawaii.

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**Who acts:** fire rock, rock · **What happens:** break, form, lose, cool, harden, make · **To what, where:** floor, Hawaiian chain, power, far northwest, island, last appearance

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire rock, rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:2:28
# text = The fire-rock, breaking through the floor of the ocean to form the Hawaiian chain of islands, lost its power first in the far northwest and cooled and hardened from island to island until it is now making its last appearance on the largest and most southeasterly of all the group, the island known by the name Hawaii.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
21	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	21	advmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	northwest	northwest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
41	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	advcl	_	_
42	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
45	on	on	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	41	xcomp	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
49	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	50	advmod	_	_
50	southeasterly	southeasterly	ADV	RB	_	47	conj	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	54	det:predet	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	appos	_	_
58	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	57	acl	_	_
59	by	by	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
62	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | gerund | the fire rock *not said here* |  |  | the floor of the ocean |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through floor=Location |
| 2 | **form** | to-infinitive | the fire rock *not said here* | the Hawaiian chain of islands |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chain=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | past | the fire rock | rock's power |  | the far northwest |  | first *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cool** | participle | the fire rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **harden** | participle | the fire rock *not said here* |  |  | island to island |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **make** | present · progressive | rock | rock's last appearance |  |  | now | large *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material appearance=Product |
| 7 | **know** | participle |  | the island *not said here* |  |  |  | by the name | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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