---
title: Professor Jaggar, the experienced volcanologist in charge of an obse… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Professor Jaggar, the experienced volcanologist in charge of an observing station on the brink of Kilauea, accepts the theory of a gas connection between these two craters so that their activity is mutual as to foam vents, but not so close that the lower volcano affords a hydrostatic outlet to the l
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 31

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Professor Jaggar, the experienced volcanologist in charge of an observing station on the brink of Kilauea, accepts the theory of a gas connection between these two craters so that their activity is mutual as to foam vents, but not so close that the lower volcano affords a hydrostatic outlet to the lava in the higher crater.

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**Who acts:** Professor, activity, lower volcano · **What happens:** observe, accept, be, foam, afford, charge · **To what, where:** theory, vents, hydrostatic outlet, observing station

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Professor, activity, lower volcano), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:2:31
# text = Professor Jaggar, the experienced volcanologist in charge of an observing station on the brink of Kilauea, accepts the theory of a gas connection between these two craters so that their activity is mutual as to foam vents, but not so close that the lower volcano affords a hydrostatic outlet to the lava in the higher crater.
1	Professor	Professor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
2	Jaggar	Jaggar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	experienced	experienced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	volcanologist	volcanologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	observing	observe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	brink	brink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Kilauea	Kilauea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
19	accepts	accept	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	between	between	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
28	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
30	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	35	mark	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	fixed	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
35	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	advcl	_	_
36	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	foam	foam	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	advcl	_	_
39	vents	vent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	44	advmod	_	_
43	so	so	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	parataxis	_	_
45	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	48	amod	_	_
48	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
49	affords	afford	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	advcl	_	_
50	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	hydrostatic	hydrostatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	outlet	outlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
58	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	59	amod	_	_
59	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accept** | present | Professor | the theory of a gas connection between this two craters |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | craters's activity |  |  |  |  | mutual *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **foam** | to-infinitive | craters's activity *not said here* | vents |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location vent=Theme |
| 5 | **afford** | present | the lower volcano | a hydrostatic outlet |  |  |  | to the lava in the higher crater | tree rules |
| 6 | **charge** |  |  | a observing station on the brink of Kilauea |  |  |  |  | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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