---
title: As Hiiaka and her friend came near the island Kauai, Hiiaka told Wah… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: As Hiiaka and her friend came near the island Kauai, Hiiaka told Wahine-omao that Lohiau was dead and that she saw the spirit standing by the opening of a cave out on the pali of Haena. Who acts: Hiiaka, Wahine omao, Lohiau, spirit. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pili and Noho, sentence 80

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As Hiiaka and her friend came near the island Kauai, Hiiaka told Wahine-omao that Lohiau was dead and that she saw the spirit standing by the opening of a cave out on the pali of Haena.

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**Who acts:** Hiiaka, Wahine omao, Lohiau, spirit · **What happens:** come, tell, be, see, stand out · **To what, where:** island, Wahine omao, spirit, pali · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pili and Noho. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, Wahine omao, Lohiau, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:20:80
# text = As Hiiaka and her friend came near the island Kauai, Hiiaka told Wahine-omao that Lohiau was dead and that she saw the spirit standing by the opening of a cave out on the pali of Haena.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	Kauai	Kauai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
12	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Wahine	Wahine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	omao	omao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	Lohiau	Lohiau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	out	out	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	pali	pali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Haena	Haena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Hiiaka and Hiiaka's friend |  |  | the island |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near island=Location |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Hiiaka | Wahine omao |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent omao=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | past | Wahine omao |  |  |  |  | Lohiau *nsubj*; dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | past | Lohiau | the spirit |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spirit=Stimulus |
| 5 | **stand out** | gerund | the spirit *not said here* |  |  | the pali of Haena |  | by the opening of a cave | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by opening=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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