---
title: Keoua heard of the attack on his home, therefore he gave the fish-po… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Keoua heard of the attack on his home, therefore he gave the fish-ponds and fertile lands of Hilo to some of his chiefs and hastened to cross the island with his army by way of a path near the volcano Kilauea. Who acts: Keoua. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Wester
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 19

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Keoua heard of the attack on his home, therefore he gave the fish-ponds and fertile lands of Hilo to some of his chiefs and hastened to cross the island with his army by way of a path near the volcano Kilauea.

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**Who acts:** Keoua · **What happens:** hear, give, hasten, cross · **To what, where:** home, fish ponds, some, island

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keoua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:19
# text = Keoua heard of the attack on his home, therefore he gave the fish-ponds and fertile lands of Hilo to some of his chiefs and hastened to cross the island with his army by way of a path near the volcano Kilauea.
1	Keoua	Keoua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	fertile	fertile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Hilo	Hilo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
41	near	near	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
44	Kilauea	Kilauea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Keoua |  |  | Keoua's home |  | of the attack | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of attack=Stimulus |
| 2 | **give** | past | Keoua | the fish ponds and fertile lands of Hilo | some of Keoua's chiefs |  |  | therefore *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent pond=Theme to some=Recipient |
| 3 | **hasten** | participle | Keoua *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **cross** | to-infinitive | Keoua *not said here* | the island |  |  |  | with Keoua's army; by way of a path near the volcano | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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