---
title: Sand, ashes, and stones grew up from the pit into a very high column… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Sand, ashes, and stones grew up from the pit into a very high column of fire, standing straight up. Who acts: Sand. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 24

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Sand, ashes, and stones grew up from the pit into a very high column of fire, standing straight up.

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**Who acts:** Sand · **What happens:** grow up, stand · **To what, where:** pit

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:24
# text = Sand, ashes, and stones grew up from the pit into a very high column of fire, standing straight up.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
21	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	up	up	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | past | Sand and ashes |  |  | the pit |  | into a high column of fire *result*; stones *nsubj* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into column=Result |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | Sand and ashes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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