---
title: The mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa were below it. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa were below it. Who acts: mountains. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 25

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The mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa were below it.

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**Who acts:** mountains · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** column

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:25
# text = The mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa were below it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Mauna	Mauna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Kea	Kea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Mauna	Mauna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	Loa	Loa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	below	below	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the mountains of Mauna Kea and Mauna |  |  | column |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme below it=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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