---
title: The company in advance had not proceeded far before the ground began… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The company in advance had not proceeded far before the ground began to shake and rock beneath their feet and it became quite impossible to stand. Who acts: ground, company. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, with its depe
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 38

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The company in advance had not proceeded far before the ground began to shake and rock beneath their feet and it became quite impossible to stand.

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**Who acts:** ground, company · **What happens:** not proceed, begin, shake, become, stand · **To what, where:** company, feet

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:38
# text = The company in advance had not proceeded far before the ground began to shake and rock beneath their feet and it became quite impossible to stand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	advance	advance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	proceeded	proceed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
23	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **proceed** | past · perfect · passive |  | the company in advance |  |  |  | far *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the ground |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **shake** | to-infinitive | the ground *not said here* |  |  | stones's feet |  | rock *conj* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath foot=Location |
| 4 | **become** | past | company |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **stand** | to-infinitive | company *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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