---
title: It continued to ascend and spread abroad until the whole region was… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: It continued to ascend and spread abroad until the whole region was enveloped and the light of day was entirely excluded. Who acts: thunder. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 40

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It continued to ascend and spread abroad until the whole region was enveloped and the light of day was entirely excluded.

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**Who acts:** thunder · **What happens:** continue, ascend, spread, envelop, exclude, light · **To what, where:** whole region, light, day

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:40
# text = It continued to ascend and spread abroad until the whole region was enveloped and the light of day was entirely excluded.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	ascend	ascend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	enveloped	envelop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	excluded	exclude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | past | thunder |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ascend** | to-infinitive | thunder *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spread** | infinitive | thunder *not said here* |  |  |  |  | abroad *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **envelop** | past · passive |  | the whole region |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **exclude** | past · passive |  | the light of day |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **light** |  |  | day |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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