---
title: ‘But what was their surprise and consternation when, on coming up wi… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘But what was their surprise and consternation when, on coming up with their comrades of the centre party, they discovered them all to have become corpses. Who acts: Sand. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, with its depend
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 46

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‘But what was their surprise and consternation when, on coming up with their comrades of the centre party, they discovered them all to have become corpses.

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**Who acts:** Sand · **What happens:** be, come up, discover, have, become, surprise · **To what, where:** consternation, dangers, become corpses

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:46
# text = ‘But what was their surprise and consternation when, on coming up with their comrades of the centre party, they discovered them all to have become corpses.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	consternation	consternation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	comrades	comrade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	nmod:unmarked	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
28	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	amod	_	_
29	corpses	corpse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | consternation |  |  |  | what *nsubj*; Sand's surprise *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with Sand's comrades of the centre party | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **discover** | past | Sand | dangers *= danger* |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 4 | **have** | to-infinitive | Sand *not said here* | become corpses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent corpse=Patient |
| 5 | **become** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **surprise** |  | Sand |  |  |  |  |  | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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