---
title: Some were lying down, and others sitting upright clasping with dying… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Some were lying down, and others sitting upright clasping with dying grasp their wives and children and joining noses (their form of expressing affection) as in the act of taking a final leave. Who acts: Some, others, form, act. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. West
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 47

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Some were lying down, and others sitting upright clasping with dying grasp their wives and children and joining noses (their form of expressing affection) as in the act of taking a final leave.

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**Who acts:** Some, others, form, act · **What happens:** lie down, sit, clasp, die, join, express · **To what, where:** grasp, noses, affection, final leave

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, others, form, act), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:21:47
# text = Some were lying down, and others sitting upright clasping with dying grasp their wives and children and joining noses (their form of expressing affection) as in the act of taking a final leave.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	clasping	clasp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	dying	die	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	grasp	grasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
20	noses	nose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
24	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	expressing	express	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
26	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
32	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
33	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | past · progressive | Some |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund | others |  |  |  |  | upright *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **clasp** | gerund | others *not said here* | grasp and others's wives and children |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grasp=Theme |
| 4 | **die** | gerund | others *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **join** | gerund | others *not said here* | noses |  |  |  | as the act | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |
| 6 | **express** | gerund | others's form *not said here* | affection |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affection=Theme |
| 7 | **take** | gerund | the act *not said here* | a final leave |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme |
| 8 | **form** |  | others *= other* |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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