---
title: If the shore end of a cave broke open, a fine outlet was made for th… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: If the shore end of a cave broke open, a fine outlet was made for the torrents which were hurled up through the opening in splendid fountains of spray. Who acts: shore end. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, with its
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 15

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If the shore end of a cave broke open, a fine outlet was made for the torrents which were hurled up through the opening in splendid fountains of spray.

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**Who acts:** shore end · **What happens:** break, make, hurl up · **To what, where:** fine outlet, torrents, opening

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shore end), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:22:15
# text = If the shore end of a cave broke open, a fine outlet was made for the torrents which were hurled up through the opening in splendid fountains of spray.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
9	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	outlet	outlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	torrents	torrent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | the shore end of a cave |  |  |  |  | open *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | a fine outlet |  |  |  | for the torrents | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for torrent=Asset |
| 3 | **hurl up** | past · passive |  | the torrents |  | the opening |  | in splendid fountains of spray | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme through opening=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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