---
title: It has been announced as an extinct volcano because few signs of vol… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been announced as an extinct volcano because few signs of volcanic life appear at present; but in the year 1801 there was a very violent eruption from the foot of the mountain, and the expectation of future action is so strong that scientists classify Hualalai as “active.” Who acts: few signs
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 2

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It has been announced as an extinct volcano because few signs of volcanic life appear at present; but in the year 1801 there was a very violent eruption from the foot of the mountain, and the expectation of future action is so strong that scientists classify Hualalai as “active.”

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**Who acts:** few signs, expectation, scientists · **What happens:** announce, appear, be, classify, sign, expect · **To what, where:** island, present, violent eruption, foot, Hualalai, volcanic life

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few signs, expectation, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:22:2
# text = It has been announced as an extinct volcano because few signs of volcanic life appear at present; but in the year 1801 there was a very violent eruption from the foot of the mountain, and the expectation of future action is so strong that scientists classify Hualalai as “active.”
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	announced	announce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
23	1801	1801	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	flat	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	very	very	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	expectation	expectation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
44	so	so	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	parataxis	_	_
46	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
47	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nsubj	_	_
48	classify	classify	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	advcl	_	_
49	Hualalai	Hualalai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
50	as	as	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | island |  |  |  | as a extinct volcano | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **appear** | present | few signs of volcanic life |  |  | present |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at present=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | a violent eruption |  | the foot of the mountain |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | the expectation of future action |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **classify** | present | scientists | Hualalai |  |  |  | as active | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent hualalai=Theme as active=Attribute |
| 6 | **sign** |  |  | volcanic life |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **expect** |  |  | future action |  |  |  |  | nom expectation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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