---
title: There they saw the lava like a river of fire flowing toward the west… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There they saw the lava like a river of fire flowing toward the west, going straight down to the sea with leaping flames and uplifting fountains of smoke. Who acts: prophets, fire. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 51

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There they saw the lava like a river of fire flowing toward the west, going straight down to the sea with leaping flames and uplifting fountains of smoke.

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**Who acts:** prophets, fire · **What happens:** see, flow, go · **To what, where:** lava

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prophets, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:22:51
# text = There they saw the lava like a river of fire flowing toward the west, going straight down to the sea with leaping flames and uplifting fountains of smoke.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
17	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	leaping	leaping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	uplifting	uplifting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | prophets *= prophet* | the lava |  | there |  | like a river of fire | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lava=Stimulus |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund | fire *not said here* |  |  |  |  | toward the west | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | gerund | prophets *= prophet* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with leaping flames and uplifting fountains of smoke; down *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with flame=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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