---
title: Even large masses or rocks of ancient lava, when surrounded by the f… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Even large masses or rocks of ancient lava, when surrounded by the fiery stream, soon split into small fragments and falling into the burning mass appeared to melt again while borne by it down the mountain side. Who acts: falling. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. We
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 6

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Even large masses or rocks of ancient lava, when surrounded by the fiery stream, soon split into small fragments and falling into the burning mass appeared to melt again while borne by it down the mountain side.

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**Who acts:** falling · **What happens:** surround, split, fall, burn, appear, melt down · **To what, where:** rocks, small fragments, burning mass, mountain side

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (falling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:22:6
# text = Even large masses or rocks of ancient lava, when surrounded by the fiery stream, soon split into small fragments and falling into the burning mass appeared to melt again while borne by it down the mountain side.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
18	split	split	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
23	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	csubj	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	amod	_	_
27	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	again	again	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
33	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	advcl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
36	down	down	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the fiery stream *obl:agent* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **split** | participle |  | rocks  large masses of ancient lava *not said here* |  |  |  | into small fragments *result*; soon *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into fragment=Result |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | into the burning mass *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into mass=Result |
| 4 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **appear** | past | falling |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 6 | **melt down** | to-infinitive | falling *not said here* | the mountain side |  |  | again | by stream | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **bear** | participle | falling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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