---
title: When the missionaries of the American Board from Boston arrived, Apr… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: When the missionaries of the American Board from Boston arrived, April 4, 1820, at Kailua Bay on the western coast of Hawaii, they landed in territory nominally controlled by Na-ihe and Kapiolani, although at that particular time the young king, Liholiho, and his court were in Kona, and were the rea
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 13

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When the missionaries of the American Board from Boston arrived, April 4, 1820, at Kailua Bay on the western coast of Hawaii, they landed in territory nominally controlled by Na-ihe and Kapiolani, although at that particular time the young king, Liholiho, and his court were in Kona, and were the real rulers.

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**Who acts:** missionaries, court · **What happens:** arrive, land, control, be · **To what, where:** 4, territory, Kona, real rulers

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (missionaries, court), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:13
# text = When the missionaries of the American Board from Boston arrived, April 4, 1820, at Kailua Bay on the western coast of Hawaii, they landed in territory nominally controlled by Na-ihe and Kapiolani, although at that particular time the young king, Liholiho, and his court were in Kona, and were the real rulers.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Board	Board	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Boston	Boston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:unmarked	_	_
13	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	1820	1820	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Kailua	Kailua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Bay	Bay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
31	nominally	nominally	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	advcl	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	Na	Na	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	ihe	ihe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	Kapiolani	Kapiolani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
40	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
41	at	at	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	44	det	_	_
43	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
49	Liholiho	Liholiho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
52	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
54	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	56	cop	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	Kona	Kona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
58	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
59	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	62	cop	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
61	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | the missionaries of the American Board from Boston | 4  April |  |  |  | Kailua Bay on the western coast of Hawaii *conj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **land** | past | missionaries *= missionary* |  |  | territory | time |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in territory=Destination |
| 3 | **control** | participle | missionaries *= missionary* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by Na ihe and Kapiolani; nominally *property* | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | past | Liholiho's court |  |  | Kona |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | past | missionaries *= missionary* *not said here* | the real rulers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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