---
title: However, when the missionaries had reduced the language to writing a… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: However, when the missionaries had reduced the language to writing and had begun to print leaflets for spelling and reading, in 1822, Na-ihe and Kapiolani were among the first chiefs to welcome instruction and accept Christianity as far as they could understand it. Who acts: Na ihe, missionaries. A 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/14/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mytholo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/) / [Kapiolani and Pele](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/) / 14

# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
However, when the missionaries had reduced the language to writing and had begun to print leaflets for spelling and reading, in 1822, Na-ihe and Kapiolani were among the first chiefs to welcome instruction and accept Christianity as far as they could understand it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Na ihe, missionaries · **What happens:** reduce, begin, print, be, welcome, accept · **To what, where:** missionaries, leaflets, instruction, Christianity, ihe

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Na ihe, missionaries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:14
# text = However, when the missionaries had reduced the language to writing and had begun to print leaflets for spelling and reading, in 1822, Na-ihe and Kapiolani were among the first chiefs to welcome instruction and accept Christianity as far as they could understand it.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	print	print	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	leaflets	leaflet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	1822	1822	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	Na	Na	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	ihe	ihe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	Kapiolani	Kapiolani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
32	among	among	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	amod	_	_
35	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	welcome	welcome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
38	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	accept	accept	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
41	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
42	as	as	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	40	advmod	_	_
44	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
45	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
46	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
47	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
48	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | past · perfect · passive |  | the missionaries |  |  |  | the language *obj*; however *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: subject=Patient language=Extent to writing=Result |
| 2 | **begin** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **print** | to-infinitive |  | leaflets |  |  |  | for spelling and reading | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaflet=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | Na ihe and Kapiolani |  |  |  |  | among the 1822 first chiefs | tree rules |
| 5 | **welcome** | to-infinitive |  | instruction |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme |
| 6 | **accept** | present |  | Christianity |  |  |  | far *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christianity=Theme |
| 7 | **understand** | could | missionaries *= missionary* | ihe |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/13/)
- next →: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/15/)
- ↑ back to [Kapiolani and Pele](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/)