---
title: Here in the large cones built up by leaping lava, the natives said,… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Here in the large cones built up by leaping lava, the natives said, were the homes of the family of Pele. Who acts: natives. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 78

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Here in the large cones built up by leaping lava, the natives said, were the homes of the family of Pele.

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**Who acts:** natives · **What happens:** build up, leap, say, be · **To what, where:** large cones, lava, homes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:78
# text = Here in the large cones built up by leaping lava, the natives said, were the homes of the family of Pele.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | participle |  | the large cones *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leap** | gerund |  | lava |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lava=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the natives |  |  | here |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | the homes |  |  |  | of the family of Pele | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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