---
title: There was the strong, brave convert to Christianity standing above t… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There was the strong, brave convert to Christianity standing above the open lake of fire, the red glowing lava rolling in waves below, with rough blocks of hardened lava on every side, the locks (Pele’s hair) of the fire-goddess, torn out and whirling around in the air, the timid fearful faces of th
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 84

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was the strong, brave convert to Christianity standing above the open lake of fire, the red glowing lava rolling in waves below, with rough blocks of hardened lava on every side, the locks (Pele’s hair) of the fire-goddess, torn out and whirling around in the air, the timid fearful faces of the people and their attitude of terror and anxiety showing the half-hope that the tabu might be broken and the half-dread lest the evil spirit might breathe fire upon them and destroy them at once.

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**Who acts:** strong brave convert, red glowing lava, anxiety, half dread · **What happens:** be, stand, glow, roll, harden, tear out · **To what, where:** open lake, waves, air, half hope, tabu, fire

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong brave convert, red glowing lava, anxiety, half dread), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:84
# text = There was the strong, brave convert to Christianity standing above the open lake of fire, the red glowing lava rolling in waves below, with rough blocks of hardened lava on every side, the locks (Pele’s hair) of the fire-goddess, torn out and whirling around in the air, the timid fearful faces of the people and their attitude of terror and anxiety showing the half-hope that the tabu might be broken and the half-dread lest the evil spirit might breathe fire upon them and destroy them at once.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	convert	convert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	amod	_	_
21	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
22	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
25	below	below	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	blocks	block	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	amod	_	_
32	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
39	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	’s	's	PART	POS	_	40	case	_	_
42	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	42	punct	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
46	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
50	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	parataxis	_	_
51	out	out	ADP	RP	_	50	compound:prt	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	whirling	whirl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	50	conj	_	_
54	around	around	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
60	timid	timid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
61	fearful	fearful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nmod	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	nmod	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	68	cc	_	_
67	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
68	attitude	attitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	conj	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
70	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	nmod	_	_
71	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
72	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	conj	_	_
73	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	72	acl	_	_
74	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
75	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	77	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	75	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obj	_	_
78	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	83	obj	_	_
79	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	80	det	_	_
80	tabu	tabu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	nsubj:pass	_	_
81	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	83	aux	_	_
82	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	83	aux:pass	_	_
83	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	77	acl:relcl	_	_
84	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	94	cc	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	88	det	_	_
86	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	88	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	86	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
88	dread	dread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	94	nsubj	_	_
89	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	92	case	_	_
90	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	92	det	_	_
91	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	compound	_	_
92	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	88	nmod	_	_
93	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	94	aux	_	_
94	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	83	conj	_	_
95	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	94	obj	_	_
96	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	97	case	_	_
97	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	94	obl	_	_
98	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	99	cc	_	_
99	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	94	conj	_	_
100	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	99	obj	_	_
101	at	at	ADP	IN	_	102	case	_	_
102	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	99	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
103	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the strong brave convert to Christianity |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | the strong brave convert to Christianity *not said here* |  |  | the open lake of fire and the red glowing lava |  | with rough blocks of hardened lava on every side and the locks | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above lake=Location |
| 3 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **roll** | gerund | the red glowing lava *not said here* |  |  | waves |  | below *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wave=Trajectory |
| 5 | **harden** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **tear out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **whirl around** | gerund |  |  |  | the air  the timid fearful faces of the people and waves's attitude of terror and anxiety |  | around *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory |
| 8 | **show** | gerund | anxiety *not said here* | the half hope |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hope=Recipient |
| 9 | **break** | might · passive |  | the tabu |  |  |  | the half hope *obj* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient that=Result |
| 10 | **breathe** | might | the half dread lest the evil spirit | fire |  |  |  | upon waves *= wave* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |
| 11 | **destroy** | infinitive | the half dread lest the evil spirit *not said here* | waves *= wave* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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