---
title: Alexander in the “History of the Hawaiian People” says, “This has ju… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Alexander in the “History of the Hawaiian People” says, “This has justly been called one of the greatest acts of moral courage ever performed.” Who acts: Alexander, greatest acts. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele, with its dependency t
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 94

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Alexander in the “History of the Hawaiian People” says, “This has justly been called one of the greatest acts of moral courage ever performed.”

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**Who acts:** Alexander, greatest acts · **What happens:** say, call, perform · **To what, where:** This · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, greatest acts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:94
# text = Alexander in the “History of the Hawaiian People” says, “This has justly been called one of the greatest acts of moral courage ever performed.”
1	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	People	People	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	justly	justly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	xcomp	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	amod	_	_
23	acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
27	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	28	advmod	_	_
28	performed	perform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Alexander in the History of the Hawaiian People |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **call** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | This |  |  |  | one of the greatest acts *xcomp*; justly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **perform** *in a quote* | past | the greatest acts *not said here* |  |  |  | ever | of moral courage | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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