---
title: Richards states that the leader of Kapiolani’s party said to him: “A… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Richards states that the leader of Kapiolani’s party said to him: “All the people of the district saw that she was not injured and have pronounced Pele to be powerless.” Who acts: Richards, leader, people. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and P
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 95

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Richards states that the leader of Kapiolani’s party said to him: “All the people of the district saw that she was not injured and have pronounced Pele to be powerless.”

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**Who acts:** Richards, leader, people · **What happens:** state, say, see, not be, pronounce, be · **To what, where:** party, Pele · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richards, leader, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:23:95
# text = Richards states that the leader of Kapiolani’s party said to him: “All the people of the district saw that she was not injured and have pronounced Pele to be powerless.”
1	Richards	Richards	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	states	state	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Kapiolani	Kapiolani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’s	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	ccomp	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
30	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
33	powerless	powerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present | Richards |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the leader of Kapiolani's party |  | party |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | past | all people of the district |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | past | leader |  |  |  |  | injured *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **pronounce** *in a quote* | present · perfect | all people of the district *not said here* | Pele |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent pele=Result |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | all people of the district *not said here* |  |  |  |  | powerless *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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