---
title: The volcanic outbreaks and earthquakes of the Japanese islands from… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The volcanic outbreaks and earthquakes of the Japanese islands from Nippon to Formosa are so frequent as to afford an excellent field for study. Who acts: volcanic outbreaks. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific, with it
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific, sentence 19

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The volcanic outbreaks and earthquakes of the Japanese islands from Nippon to Formosa are so frequent as to afford an excellent field for study.

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**Who acts:** volcanic outbreaks · **What happens:** be, afford · **To what, where:** excellent field

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (volcanic outbreaks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:25:19
# text = The volcanic outbreaks and earthquakes of the Japanese islands from Nippon to Formosa are so frequent as to afford an excellent field for study.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	outbreaks	outbreak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	earthquakes	earthquake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Nippon	Nippon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Formosa	Formosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	afford	afford	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the volcanic outbreaks of the Japanese islands from Nippon to Formosa and earthquakes |  |  |  |  | frequent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **afford** | to-infinitive | the volcanic outbreaks of the Japanese islands from Nippon to Formosa and earthquakes *not said here* | a excellent field |  |  |  | for study | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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