---
title: Each island has its extinct craters from which extend the limited ra… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Each island has its extinct craters from which extend the limited ranges of mountains and plains which make the island surface. Who acts: island, extinct craters, plains. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 1

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Each island has its extinct craters from which extend the limited ranges of mountains and plains which make the island surface.

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**Who acts:** island, extinct craters, plains · **What happens:** have, extend, make · **To what, where:** extinct craters, limited ranges, island surface

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (island, extinct craters, plains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:1
# text = Each island has its extinct craters from which extend the limited ranges of mountains and plains which make the island surface.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	extend	extend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	limited	limited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ranges	range	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each island | island's extinct craters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient |
| 2 | **extend** | present | island's extinct craters | the limited ranges of mountains and plains |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent range=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | plains | the island surface |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset surface=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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