---
title: The mountains of Maui, especially Hale-a-ka-la, are called active be… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The mountains of Maui, especially Hale-a-ka-la, are called active because of historic eruptions and signs of hidden fire. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 12

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The mountains of Maui, especially Hale-a-ka-la, are called active because of historic eruptions and signs of hidden fire.

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**What happens:** call, sign · **To what, where:** mountains, hidden fire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:12
# text = The mountains of Maui, especially Hale-a-ka-la, are called active because of historic eruptions and signs of hidden fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Maui	Maui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	Hale	Hale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ka	ka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	la	la	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the mountains of Maui and Hale |  |  |  | because historic eruptions and signs of hidden fire; active *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **sign** |  |  | hidden fire |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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