---
title: Hualalai is dormant, although from it there was a great eruption a l… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Hualalai is dormant, although from it there was a great eruption a little over a hundred years ago, and even now possibilities of activity are talked about by those who cultivate sugar-cane and coffee on its lower slopes. Who acts: Hualalai. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 24

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Hualalai is dormant, although from it there was a great eruption a little over a hundred years ago, and even now possibilities of activity are talked about by those who cultivate sugar-cane and coffee on its lower slopes.

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**Who acts:** Hualalai · **What happens:** be, talk, cultivate · **To what, where:** great eruption, possibilities

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hualalai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:24
# text = Hualalai is dormant, although from it there was a great eruption a little over a hundred years ago, and even now possibilities of activity are talked about by those who cultivate sugar-cane and coffee on its lower slopes.
1	Hualalai	Hualalai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dormant	dormant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
5	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
19	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
24	possibilities	possibility	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	talked	talk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
29	about	about	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	obl	_	_
32	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
33	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	acl:relcl	_	_
34	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
39	on	on	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	42	amod	_	_
42	slopes	slope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hualalai |  |  |  |  | dormant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Hualalai *not said here* | a great eruption |  |  |  | ago *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **talk** | present · passive |  | possibilities of activity |  |  | now | about those  sugar and cane and coffee on One's lower slopes | tree rules |
| 4 | **cultivate** | present |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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