---
title: This crater is a great caldron or pit crater, and has been known amo… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: This crater is a great caldron or pit crater, and has been known among the Hawaiians for centuries as Ka-Lua Pele (The Pit of Pele). Who acts: crater. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 27

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This crater is a great caldron or pit crater, and has been known among the Hawaiians for centuries as Ka-Lua Pele (The Pit of Pele).

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**Who acts:** crater · **What happens:** be, know · **To what, where:** great caldron

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:27
# text = This crater is a great caldron or pit crater, and has been known among the Hawaiians for centuries as Ka-Lua Pele (The Pit of Pele).
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caldron	caldron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Lua	Lua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
24	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this crater | a great caldron or pit crater |  |  |  | pit crater *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | century | among the Hawaiians; as Ka Lua | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: as lua=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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