---
title: They seem to have had mighty explosions after they had been built in… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: They seem to have had mighty explosions after they had been built into mountains, and one side of the crater has usually been blown out or has slid down into the ocean, leaving very high, steep side walls around irregularly shaped valleys opening toward the sea. Who acts: craters, shaped valleys. A 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 3

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They seem to have had mighty explosions after they had been built into mountains, and one side of the crater has usually been blown out or has slid down into the ocean, leaving very high, steep side walls around irregularly shaped valleys opening toward the sea.

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**Who acts:** craters, shaped valleys · **What happens:** seem, have, build, blow out, slide down, leave · **To what, where:** mighty explosions, craters, mountains, one side, ocean, high steep side walls

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (craters, shaped valleys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:3
# text = They seem to have had mighty explosions after they had been built into mountains, and one side of the crater has usually been blown out or has slid down into the ocean, leaving very high, steep side walls around irregularly shaped valleys opening toward the sea.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
6	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	explosions	explosion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	blown	blow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	slid	slide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
30	down	down	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
36	very	very	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
39	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
40	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
42	around	around	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	irregularly	irregularly	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	amod	_	_
45	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
46	opening	open	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	45	acl	_	_
47	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | craters *= crater* |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive · perfect | craters *= crater* *not said here* | mighty explosions |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explosion=Patient |
| 3 | **build** | past · perfect · passive |  | craters *= crater* |  | mountains |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into mountain=Product |
| 4 | **blow out** | present · perfect · passive |  | one side of the crater |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **slide down** | present · perfect |  |  |  | the ocean |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ocean=Destination |
| 6 | **leave** | gerund |  | high steep side walls |  | shaped valleys |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent wall=Theme around valley=Location |
| 7 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | irregularly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 8 | **open** | gerund | shaped valleys *not said here* |  |  |  |  | toward the sea | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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