---
title: Kilauea looks like a congealed lake whose glossy black hard waves ha… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Kilauea looks like a congealed lake whose glossy black hard waves had hardened while rolling and struggling with each other under some fierce tempest. Who acts: Kilauea. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 37

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Kilauea looks like a congealed lake whose glossy black hard waves had hardened while rolling and struggling with each other under some fierce tempest.

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**Who acts:** Kilauea · **What happens:** look, congeal, harden, roll, struggle · **To what, where:** glossy black hard waves, fierce tempest

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kilauea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:37
# text = Kilauea looks like a congealed lake whose glossy black hard waves had hardened while rolling and struggling with each other under some fierce tempest.
1	Kilauea	Kilauea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	congealed	congeal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	11	nmod:poss	_	_
8	glossy	glossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
14	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	struggling	struggle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	17	obl	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	fixed	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
23	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	tempest	tempest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Kilauea |  |  |  |  | like a congealed lake | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **congeal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **harden** | past · perfect · passive |  | glossy black hard waves |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **struggle** | gerund |  |  |  | some fierce tempest |  | with each | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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