---
title: In these craters and between them and the sea are many small craters… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: In these craters and between them and the sea are many small craters which mark the most recent eruptions on the various islands. Who acts: many small craters. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 4

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In these craters and between them and the sea are many small craters which mark the most recent eruptions on the various islands.

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**Who acts:** many small craters · **What happens:** be, mark · **To what, where:** many small craters, craters, recent eruptions, various islands

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many small craters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:4
# text = In these craters and between them and the sea are many small craters which mark the most recent eruptions on the various islands.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	mark	mark	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	18	advmod	_	_
18	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | many small craters |  | this craters between craters |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mark** | present | many small craters | the recent eruptions |  | the various islands |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent eruption=Theme on island=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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