---
title: Sometimes new lava melts through the walls of these caves and pours… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Sometimes new lava melts through the walls of these caves and pours along the path left ages before, frequently finding an outlet even under the waves of the sea. Who acts: new lava, path. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dep
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 42

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Sometimes new lava melts through the walls of these caves and pours along the path left ages before, frequently finding an outlet even under the waves of the sea.

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**Who acts:** new lava, path · **What happens:** melt, pour, leave, find, wave · **To what, where:** walls, ages, outlet, waves, sea

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new lava, path), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:42
# text = Sometimes new lava melts through the walls of these caves and pours along the path left ages before, frequently finding an outlet even under the waves of the sea.
1	Sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pours	pour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
17	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	before	before	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	outlet	outlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	even	even	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	under	under	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | new lava |  |  | the walls of this caves |  | sometimes *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **pour** | present | new lava *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | past | the path | ages |  |  |  | before *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | gerund | the path *not said here* | a outlet |  | the waves of the sea |  | frequently *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent outlet=Topic |
| 5 | **wave** |  |  | the sea |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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