---
title: The scientific observers when speaking of lava heat usually say it i… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The scientific observers when speaking of lava heat usually say it is 1850° Fahrenheit. Who acts: scientific observers, heat. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 66

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The scientific observers when speaking of lava heat usually say it is 1850° Fahrenheit.

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**Who acts:** scientific observers, heat · **What happens:** speak, say, be · **To what, where:** 1850 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientific observers, heat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:26:66
# text = The scientific observers when speaking of lava heat usually say it is 1850° Fahrenheit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	1850	1850	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	°	°	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Fahrenheit	Fahrenheit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of lava heat | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the scientific observers |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | heat | 1850 |  |  |  | ° Fahrenheit *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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