---
title: They could not see any a-a breaking out on the mountain, and therefo… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: They could not see any a-a breaking out on the mountain, and therefore were greatly afraid that it was very near and would destroy their lands. Who acts: people, fire. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 124

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They could not see any a-a breaking out on the mountain, and therefore were greatly afraid that it was very near and would destroy their lands.

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**Who acts:** people, fire · **What happens:** not see, break out, be, destroy · **To what, where:** any, mountain, lands

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:124
# text = They could not see any a-a breaking out on the mountain, and therefore were greatly afraid that it was very near and would destroy their lands.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	reparandum	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	conj	_	_
9	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	near	near	ADV	RB	_	19	advcl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | could | people | any |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer any=Stimulus |
| 2 | **break out** | gerund |  |  |  | the mountain |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mountain=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | afraid, greatly, therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | fire |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **destroy** | would |  | people's lands |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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