---
title: The year 1868 has been marked as the volcano year of Hawaiian history. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The year 1868 has been marked as the volcano year of Hawaiian history. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 13

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The year 1868 has been marked as the volcano year of Hawaiian history.

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**What happens:** mark

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:13
# text = The year 1868 has been marked as the volcano year of Hawaiian history.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	1868	1868	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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