---
title: One of the older and more intelligent fishermen says that from his b… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: One of the older and more intelligent fishermen says that from his boyhood he has known a pushing up and down, backward and forward, of the waters every time that Mauna Loa has shown activity in either of its great craters. Who acts: One, Mauna. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mytholog
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 138

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One of the older and more intelligent fishermen says that from his boyhood he has known a pushing up and down, backward and forward, of the waters every time that Mauna Loa has shown activity in either of its great craters.

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**Who acts:** One, Mauna · **What happens:** say, know, push up, show · **To what, where:** that, statement, boyhood, activity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, Mauna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:138
# text = One of the older and more intelligent fishermen says that from his boyhood he has known a pushing up and down, backward and forward, of the waters every time that Mauna Loa has shown activity in either of its great craters.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	fishermen	fisherman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	boyhood	boyhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	obj	_	_
18	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	up	up	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	down	down	ADV	RB	_	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
33	Mauna	Mauna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	Loa	Loa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	_
35	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	acl:relcl	_	_
37	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	36	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
42	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | One of the older fishermen | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present · perfect · passive |  | statement |  | statement's boyhood |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **push up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of the waters; backward *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient of water=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **show** | present · perfect | Mauna | activity |  |  |  | in either of Activity's great craters | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent activity=Patient in either=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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