---
title: The earth swayed north, south, east, west, round and round, up and d… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The earth swayed north, south, east, west, round and round, up and down, and in every imaginable direction, everything crashing around us, trees thrashing as if torn by a mighty wind, impossible to stand. Who acts: earth, trees. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. West
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 23

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The earth swayed north, south, east, west, round and round, up and down, and in every imaginable direction, everything crashing around us, trees thrashing as if torn by a mighty wind, impossible to stand.

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**Who acts:** earth, trees · **What happens:** sway, crash, thrash, tear, stand

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:23
# text = The earth swayed north, south, east, west, round and round, up and down, and in every imaginable direction, everything crashing around us, trees thrashing as if torn by a mighty wind, impossible to stand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swayed	sway	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	north	north	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	south	south	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	east	east	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	west	west	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	round	round	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	round	round	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	up	up	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
23	imaginable	imaginable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	24	conj	_	_
27	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	around	around	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
32	thrashing	thrash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	33	fixed	_	_
35	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sway** | past | the earth |  |  |  |  | every imaginable direction  everything  trees *parataxis*; east, north, round, south *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **crash** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | around us | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around we=Location |
| 3 | **thrash** | gerund | trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a mighty wind | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by wind=Trajectory |
| 5 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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