--- title: Mr. Lyman writes: “In the midst of the great earthquake we saw burst… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics description: Mr. Lyman writes: “In the midst of the great earthquake we saw burst out from the top of the pali about a mile and a half north of us, what we supposed to be an immense river of molten lava (which afterward proved to be red earth), which rushed down in headlong course and across the plain below, app --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mytholo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/) / [Volcanic Activity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/) / 42 # Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 42 Mr. Lyman writes: “In the midst of the great earthquake we saw burst out from the top of the pali about a mile and a half north of us, what we supposed to be an immense river of molten lava (which afterward proved to be red earth), which rushed down in headlong course and across the plain below, apparently bursting from the ground and swallowing up everything in its way—trees, houses, cattle, horses, men, in an instant as it were. **Who acts:** Lyman, we, molten lava, red earth · **What happens:** write, burst out, suppose, be, prove, rush down · **To what, where:** we, top, midst, immense river, red earth, headlong course · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lyman, we, molten lava, red earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66516:27:42 # text = Mr. Lyman writes: “In the midst of the great earthquake we saw burst out from the top of the pali about a mile and a half north of us, what we supposed to be an immense river of molten lava (which afterward proved to be red earth), which rushed down in headlong course and across the plain below, apparently bursting from the ground and swallowing up everything in its way—trees, houses, cattle, horses, men, in an instant as it were. 1 Mr. Mr. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod:desc _ _ 2 Lyman Lyman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 writes write VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 5 “ " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 In in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 midst midst NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 earthquake earthquake NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 13 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 14 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 burst burst VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl:relcl _ _ 16 out out ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 pali pali NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 about about ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 mile mile NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 half half ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 29 amod _ _ 29 north north NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 35 obj _ _ 34 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 supposed suppose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 37 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 cop _ _ 38 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 immense immense ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 xcomp _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 molten molten ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 lava lava NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 44 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 47 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 nsubj _ _ 46 afterward afterward ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 47 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 acl:relcl _ _ 48 to to PART TO _ 51 mark _ _ 49 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 51 cop _ _ 50 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 52 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 55 nsubj _ _ 55 rushed rush VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 51 parataxis _ _ 56 down down ADP RP _ 55 compound:prt _ _ 57 in in ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 58 headlong headlong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 59 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 obl _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 61 across across ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 plain plain NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 conj _ _ 64 below below ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 65 , , PUNCT , _ 67 punct _ _ 66 apparently apparently ADV RB _ 67 advmod _ _ 67 bursting burst VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 55 advcl _ _ 68 from from ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 69 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 70 det _ _ 70 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 obl _ _ 71 and and CCONJ CC _ 72 cc _ _ 72 swallowing swallow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 67 conj _ _ 73 up up ADP RP _ 72 compound:prt _ _ 74 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 72 obj _ _ 75 in in ADP IN _ 77 case _ _ 76 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 77 nmod:poss _ _ 77 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 72 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 78 — - PUNCT : _ 79 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 79 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 77 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 80 , , PUNCT , _ 81 punct _ _ 81 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 82 , , PUNCT , _ 83 punct _ _ 83 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 84 , , PUNCT , _ 85 punct _ _ 85 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 86 , , PUNCT , _ 87 punct _ _ 87 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 88 , , PUNCT , _ 91 punct _ _ 89 in in ADP IN _ 91 case _ _ 90 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 91 det _ _ 91 instant instant NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 obl _ _ 92 as as ADP IN _ 93 case _ _ 93 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 91 nmod _ _ 94 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 67 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 95 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **write** | present | Lyman Mr. | | | | | the midst of the great earthquake and a half north of us *ccomp* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **burst out** *in a quote* | past · passive | | we | | the top of the pali about a mile | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **suppose** *in a quote* | past | we | the midst of the great earthquake and a half north of us | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent what=Attribute | | 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | a immense river | | | | of molten lava | tree rules | | 5 | **prove** *in a quote* | past | molten lava | | | | | afterward *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | molten lava *not said here* | red earth | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **rush down** *in a quote* | past | red earth | | | headlong course and the plain | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in course=Trajectory | | 8 | **is** *in a quote* | past | red earth *not said here* | | | the ground | | in a instant as mile; apparently, burst *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **swallow up** *in a quote* | gerund | red earth *not said here* | everything | | mile's way | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/41/) - next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/43/) - ↑ back to [Volcanic Activity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/)