---
title: Outside of Punaluu we saw a long black point of lava slowly pushing… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Outside of Punaluu we saw a long black point of lava slowly pushing out to sea. Who acts: we. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 45

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Outside of Punaluu we saw a long black point of lava slowly pushing out to sea.

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**Who acts:** we · **What happens:** see, push out, point · **To what, where:** long black point, sea, lava

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:45
# text = Outside of Punaluu we saw a long black point of lava slowly pushing out to sea.
1	Outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Punaluu	Punaluu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | a long black point of lava |  |  |  | outside Punaluu | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer point=Stimulus |
| 2 | **push out** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  | sea |  | slowly *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent to sea=Trajectory |
| 3 | **point** |  |  | lava |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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