---
title: Perpendicular column of smoke over 1,000 feet high on the summit cra… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Perpendicular column of smoke over 1,000 feet high on the summit crater spreading out at top like an expanding flower.” Who acts: summit crater. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 50

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Perpendicular column of smoke over 1,000 feet high on the summit crater spreading out at top like an expanding flower.”

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**Who acts:** summit crater · **What happens:** spread out, expand · **To what, where:** top, Perpendicular column

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summit crater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:50
# text = Perpendicular column of smoke over 1,000 feet high on the summit crater spreading out at top like an expanding flower.”
1	Perpendicular	perpendicular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	1,000	1000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	summit	summit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | gerund | the summit crater *not said here* |  |  | top |  | like a expanding flower | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at top=Location |
| 2 | **expand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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