---
title: The cold has acted quickly upon the lake of fire, congealing a large… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The cold has acted quickly upon the lake of fire, congealing a large part of the surface into a hard floor of lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 62

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The cold has acted quickly upon the lake of fire, congealing a large part of the surface into a hard floor of lava.

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**What happens:** act, congeal · **To what, where:** cold, large part, hard floor

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:62
# text = The cold has acted quickly upon the lake of fire, congealing a large part of the surface into a hard floor of lava.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	acted	act	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	congealing	congeal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present · perfect · passive |  | the cold |  |  |  | upon the lake of fire; quickly *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **congeal** | gerund |  | a large part of the surface |  | a hard floor of lava |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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