---
title: Gases, steam, and smoke lift this floor and break through it with gr… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Gases, steam, and smoke lift this floor and break through it with great violence, escaping from the melted lava in pillars of cloud against which the fires beneath mirror themselves in glorious displays of color. Who acts: Gases. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Wes
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 63

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Gases, steam, and smoke lift this floor and break through it with great violence, escaping from the melted lava in pillars of cloud against which the fires beneath mirror themselves in glorious displays of color.

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**Who acts:** Gases · **What happens:** lift, break, escape, melt, display · **To what, where:** floor, melted lava, color

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gases), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:63
# text = Gases, steam, and smoke lift this floor and break through it with great violence, escaping from the melted lava in pillars of cloud against which the fires beneath mirror themselves in glorious displays of color.
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
7	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	escaping	escape	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	against	against	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	30	det	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
31	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	30	nmod:unmarked	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	glorious	glorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	displays	display	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	color	color	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | Gases and steam and smoke | this floor |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent floor=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | infinitive | Gases and steam and smoke *not said here* |  |  | floor |  | with great violence | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Location |
| 3 | **escape** | gerund | Gases and steam and smoke *not said here* |  |  | the melted lava |  | in pillars of cloud  which fires beneath mirror  Gases in glorious displays of color | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from lava=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **display** |  |  | color |  |  |  |  | nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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